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Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net>: Sep 09 01:09PM -0400 On 09/08/2017 07:33 AM, John-Del wrote:   > Why? Folks pay all sorts of crazy money for things they want. These are 100uf at 160V, and they're bipolar. Maybe for some magical crossover network perhaps.   > As for the second link, it's a "buy it now". Asking isn't the same as getting.   Sometimes people jack up the price when the item goes out of stock, then drop it again when it's in stock again.   Cheers   Phil Hobbs   -- Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics   160 North State Road #203 Briarcliff Manor NY 10510   hobbs at electrooptical dot net http://electrooptical.net

"pfjw@aol.com" <pfjw@aol.com>: Sep 09 10:32AM -0700 I have a very cynical take on this stuff. A group of individuals get together around some *stuff* that has audiophool potential - stuff that may be hyped without consequence as there is no supporting evidence one way or the other, nor is it common enough to be checked independently. Then, within the group they bid it out of sight. Sit for a bit, then gradually trickle it onto the market with pre-set desirability. Make a bit of easy money, then move onto the next boutique item and engage in a similar process.   After basic quality control, suitability for the purpose, and simple screening, a cap is a cap is a cap is a cap is a cap.   Peter Wieck Melrose Park, PA

oldschool@tubes.com: Sep 09 02:50PM -0400 >> http://tinyurl.com/y9pxm6xh   >There always has been "bids from the chandelier" no different now its >internet "auctions"     This supposedly explains the purpose of Black Gate caps. http://www.audionote.co.uk/articles/art_black_gate_story.shtml (fact or hype???? Who knows).....   Here is that article:   The Black Gate Story by Martin Colloms   First published Hi Fi News London July 2002. Author's copyright reserved. No reprints or copies without permission. Unabridged Web reproduction permitted for AN UK, 2003   Ticking away in the background, you might even say on the outer fringes of audio design, is the question of how the actual audio building blocks sound - the components themselves, not the made up equipment nor the circuits. We are talking about resistors, amplifying and rectifying devices, capacitors and wound components, transformers and inductors not to mention connectors and wiring.   An electronics designer uses these parts to craft the circuitry and layout of an audio product. Even now, in certain academic circles, the existence of sound quality differences between technically well behaved amplifiers is disputed. However, many others contend that not only do the design and form of theoretical and practically expedited circuits matter, but also the specific components or parts have their own sonic characteristics.   Many such parts are customized through experience and unique build and specification aspects known for many proprietary audio ranges. Companies such as NAIM and Audio Note exemplify such attention to detail. Taking one of many possible examples, substituting a given, selected power transformer for one of nominally equivalent size, voltage and power, will probably not generate an equal sound quality for the unit built using it. In elevated audio circles, there is rather more to a transformer spec than the standard figures for regulation and volt- amperes.   It's some years since some reviews of component sound quality were published in HFN- RR and there is understandably a limited following for this material. Since then, in audiophile design circles, one branded range of parts has been gaining a cult following for sheer sound quality. If true, this is an important finding because the industry is finding that the supply of traditional higher quality discrete audio compatible parts is declining. This is due to the inexorable advance of surface mount technology and larger, more complex integrated circuits. The opportunity is diminishing for design creativity through the considered selection of electronic parts in audio products. One aim of this review is to alert designers of the possibilities and generate broader international recognition of parts of real quality. We should also help sustain the valuable endeavors of a dedicated band of audio enthusiasts.   Black Gate is the name of the range of otherwise humble capacitors, which has attracted our attention. A Japanese inventor Kazuo Ishi patented a new way of making electrolytic capacitors back in 1978. Rubycon, a noted Japanese company, makes a large number of types under license.     I last looked at such a passive component when reporting on the Moorcroft patent for the 'T' network capacitor for power supply reservoirs, their successful use licensed in the UK to Aerovox. With test power amplifier chassis in place it was possible to compare that new three terminal design with a variety of conventional two terminal devices [HFN-RR Aug '97].   For these 'T' network components the emphasis was on the internal structure and current paths of the capacitor and a way was sought to maximize the performance of the device by separation of charge and load paths combined with a significant reduction in high frequency impedance.   Capacitor designers are painfully aware of the limitations of various types, for example the odd and varied properties of the film dielectric in the case of the plastic capacitors. Other aspects include the conductive layer, is it an 'ethereal' vacuum deposition or perhaps one with solid metal foil? For electrolytics, a wayward construction of aluminum foil is used with a deeply etched oxide insulation, paper or fibre separators, the whole bathed an electrically slow [slow ionic charge movement] and complex conductive goo. Generally the goo or electrolyte has a closely guarded composition and is an ionic electrolyte, the standard way of achieving an electrical barrier connection to the oxide layer on the foil. It's been known for a long time that this electrolyte is imperfect and amongst other details of construction it may well dominate the electrical performance [distortion, bandwidth, loss factor] and in association, the sound quality. For those not in the know, I here point out that the humble electrolytic power supply reservoir can significantly contribute to amplifier sound quality. Causing much vexation, such differences can't generally be found even with the most searching measurements of the complete amplifier itself.   It was again time to put some components to the test, and what better choice than the ongoing developments in Black Gate technology.   Cherry-Picking I can't hope to do justice to the Black Gate range as a totality so I've cherry picked from the line, mainly dipping into the stores at UK agent Audio Note for my selection. My task was complicated by early reports that a significant running in period was required [several days] which unfortunately turned out to be true. Certainly there were first impressions available right away which gave helpful clues but at least a day or two was needed to begin to properly gauge the result. For the first series of tests I set up an open structure, a 'breadboard' [actually a maple chopping board] mounted solid state amplifier of known quality, to allow relatively easy substitution of the test capacitors in a range of circuit positions. Later I also experimented with a trusted audiophile CD player which it would not be fair to name.   I experimented with small, medium and large decoupling capacitors [standard type 470u 50V, 470u 16V, 22u 50V, and 47uf 25V] as well as standard power reservoirs [10,000uF 80V, 4,700u 35V and 220 + 220u 350V 'Heart of Muse'. Then came the NH type non polarized at 100uF 160V, 4,700 35V, singly and back to back, complemented by the NX type of completely symmetrical non polars [470uF 16v, 22uF 50V, 20uF, 50V, 22u 6.3V, 0.47uF, 50V, and the delightful 0.1 uf 50V]. I also tried some of the N and NX types in the ultimate back-to-back configuration. Finally I checked out the bi-polar higher current crossover capacitors, [6.8u, 50V].   Certainly the Black Gate capacitors are very, very expensive and I was consequently hoping for some significant advance over normal types. However I couldn't possibly have predicted the magnitude of the sound quality changes I heard. The changes were so dramatic that of necessity I made multiple repeat comparisons over many days, and ultimately weeks for this project.   Do please note that the use of these devices is not a 'fix all' solution, you cannot just throw them at a design. Painstaking comparisons showed that each type and value needs to match the requirements of the specific circuit and circuit position as well as be technically and sonically compatible with existing types of capacitor or indeed other BGs when used.   While parallel combinations of Black Gates were generally foolproof, on some occasions adding BGs in parallel to conventional capacitors could actually make things worse. For example, even one of the best 100uF BG 'N' types when added to a fine sounding 10,00uF Great Supply Nichicon reservoir didn't help matters, while by contrast a much smaller 0.47uF NX really did lift this combination significantly when used as this reservoir bypass.   With no significant measurable differences to speak of, judgments must be made by ear. You need to know you equipment thoroughly, be used to assessing small differences in sound quality and be open minded, expect poorer as well as better results. If BG devices are going to help you, will likely hear something right away, while the full benefit may not develop until week of use has passed. In the case of the Nichicon and 100uF bypass tetst I can only speculate that the high frequency current in the system must have been in some sort of disordered exchange, power sharing above 10kHz or so, because while the sound became clearer, it also became sharper and more aggressively forward in the treble.   With the 0.47u NX bypass such tonal changes were placed out of band while the improvement was heard as improved yet subtle clarity, and a purer sweeter upper treble; less noise and grain was now evident.     So strong was the BG effect, that existing selected quality 0.1uF polypropylene de-couplers on the power amp supply lines had to be removed from the circuit as they were found to audibly degrade the performance advantage even of a 47uF 25V standard polarized BG used with no other supplemental high frequency decoupling.   If the standard BG electrolytics were exceptional, and in my view surprisingly so, and rated I my comparisons as typically 50% better for sound quality than conventional good quality electrolytics, then the 'non polar' types were simply extraordinary.   Chosen by trial and error for the right value and circuit location, by the end of the process the overall sound quality of my audio test amplifier was transformed by the addition and/or substitution of BG polars and non-polars. Moreover these capacitors as a whole proved just as effective in many of the digital areas of an experimental D/A converter as in its analogue sections, as they were for the test amplifier. Here we are talking of clocks buffers and signal related microprocessors   Cobwebs over the sound stage that you hadn't realized were there, were now magically swept away. Substantial gains were also present in every aspect of sound quality. The difference was so great that we were forced backwards time and again to cross -check the non BG types and also to refer back to other known reference grade audio types to make sure that we were not fooling ourselves.     Running-In When you are very familiar with how a product sounds, it is often surprisingly easy to detect subtle changes between electronic components used in it. This is even more obvious when the product is both very short and simple, and very good.   I have previously reported on running-in phenomena with other components, the most obvious being the moving coil loudspeaker. Nevertheless amplifiers, CD players etc may be observed to run in over a period of time, usually no less than several tens of hours. Sometimes the rate of improvement will be slow, almost imperceptible, and several weeks may pass before you actually realize the sound has got better. Assessing these changes is made easier by a valued stock of long term, well run-in, reference products. A top quality amplifier, first auditioned from brand new may be surprisingly flat and mushy sounding, almost average, but if of real quality then rapid improvement may be heard over the first few hours of use.   While in general Black Gates sound pretty good out of the box, the potential performance ceiling is so high that the process of improvement during running in can appear to go on for many tens of hours!     Take the 10,00uF 80V high current polar reservoir, performing very well in the power supply of the test solid state amplifier First trials showed it was certainly the best of this type in this test station, compared with top grade alternatives including 'T network, Elna and Great Supply. Nevertheless on a raw value basis these BGs did not at first appear to be worth a quoted up to 6 times that of the other types.   And then they ran-in.......................   As the days went by the BG reservoirs gradually and inexorably built up their lead to a point where their contribution to sound quality was so great that a temporary return to those other well regarded reference capacitors resulted in amazement, confusion and real disappointment.   Certainly this big BG reservoir is very expensive [about £100 each in singles] but in a circuit which can fully exploit their potential I consider there's no other device of this type and value which can make such a contribution to sound quality.   The Technology: Aspects of BG technology are protected under trademarks and also seven patents, for Germany, Japan and the USA. First released in 1978 the technology began with an advanced modification for the electrolyte of the capacitor, namely the inclusion of finely divided graphite. Do this incorrectly and the capacitor may become a short circuit! Chemically neutral, the particle size is appropriate for the exploitation of tunneling, an ultra fast and virtually lossless quantum conduction mechanism far superior to the lazy ionic transport of a standard electrolyte, this resembling a chemical battery. With this dramatic conduction improvement, self noise and distortion is claimed to be reduced by between 10 and 300 times depending on type [and cost!] and the ESR, or unwanted internal impedance may be improved right across the board, by between to 2 and 10 times, over the frequency range, and especially over a wider range of temperature. Normal ionic conduction is known to be rather temperature dependant and many audio electrolytic capacitors sound and measure at their best at a respectably high temperature such as 40 degrees centigrade, a known factor in the sometimes encountered extended warm up of some hotter running power amplifiers.   The top BG models are specified to have extraordinarily low distortion, for example at 10kHz , 200mV drive, reading -148 dB for harmonics for the NX non-polar series [eg 15V 1,500 uf] compared with an average of -88dB of distortion for three commercial standard, types of equivalent rating. I am not saying that -88dB of capacitor distortion in this test is directly audible in any case but the figures do give a clue to the special properties of the non-polar BG. Special measuring equipment, itself upgraded with BG capacitors to reduce inherent distortions, was required to define that noted distortion improvement of some 50 dB, or 300 times.     Sound Quality   The test amplifier; So comprehensive are the BG advantages at this point of exploration that it's hard to know where to begin, Referenced to the benchmark of the known best non BG capacitors [including Nichicons, Elna Cerafines etc], the sound stage of the test amplifier after its treatment was remarkably expanded in width and depth, yet its focus is still more solid. Images now hung in space, set in floodlit pools of detailed acoustic ambience. Subtleties which were previously just hinted at were now firmly and expressively delineated. Every point in the audible frequency range was clarified, sharpened, resolved. Rhythm and timing are redefined. Musical notes appear to linger in time and space, of near perfect entity and with breathtakingly natural instrumental and reverberant decay compared with previous experience of that design.   Colorations which were previously blamed on circuit behavior and specific active devices, if you like its technology makeup, were in this unit now seen to be largely the fault of the previous capacitors and these familiar errors were almost banished by the progressive and graded installation of the Black Gates.   If these comments seem extreme I offer in my support the experiences of several other listeners, some hard-bitten and difficult to impress. In general they were shocked by the magnitude of the changes I could make in the test system with these capacitors, and when the combination of

tabbypurr@gmail.com: Sep 09 05:03PM -0700 > and should not be overlooked, while the top grade, non-polar components, > do, in my view change the rules for the design of high quality audio > equipment.   what a joke.

John-Del <ohger1s@gmail.com>: Sep 09 06:52PM -0700 > > do, in my view change the rules for the design of high quality audio > > equipment.   > what a joke.   You're being kind... That article is pure, unadulterated bullshit - suitable for composting and amending garden soil. These caps sound better because fools pay so much for them than they're worth that they "hear" the superiority of them. For the rest of us who demand substance over hype, they have no value.   My hearing no longer has the response for discerning fine changes in audio, but show me a double blind test that even gives 51 - 49% advantage to these magic caps and I'll be on board.   Hey, does Black Gate sell beans?

bruce2bowser@gmail.com: Sep 09 09:05PM -0700 >for a mere $88,000. If the power plant is 25 miles away, for a mere >$2,200,000, they can run a dedicated cord all the way to the generator >at the power plant.   I've always wondered about all of the different places that isolated grounding and ground wires finally end up.

"fynnashba@yahoo.com" <fynnashba@yahoo.com>: Sep 09 07:35PM -0700 l am working on these LG GSJ960PZBZ refrigerator (5 of them withe same problem)which is showing the error code OF and F. The temperature cannot be set. The compressor does not come on. The small red LED on the control board does not come on at all. Please l need help. Thanks

Jeff Liebermann <jeffl@cruzio.com>: Sep 09 09:04PM -0700 On Sat, 9 Sep 2017 19:35:44 -0700 (PDT), "fynnashba@yahoo.com"   >l am working on these LG GSJ960PZBZ refrigerator (5 of them withe same problem)which is showing the error code OF and F. The temperature cannot be set. The compressor does not come on. The small red LED on the control board does not come on at all. Please l need help. Thanks   Chuckle. 0F or F means that the fridge is in "display mode" as in "demo mode". <https://removeandreplace.com/2016/02/10/lg-refrigerator-in-demo-display-mode-panel-displays-off-how-to-reset/> Found with Google in about 30 seconds.   -- Jeff Liebermann jeffl@cruzio.com 150 Felker St #D http://www.LearnByDestroying.com Santa Cruz CA 95060 http://802.11junk.com Skype: JeffLiebermann AE6KS 831-336-2558

Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net>: Sep 09 01:08PM -0400 On 09/09/2017 08:21 AM, Michael A. Terrell wrote:   >> Has anyone ever heard anything about this process?   >    Isn't it obvious? Early resistors were hand painted, then they > developed machines for the job.   Angelfish caps (Mullard) were dipped in paint to different depths to form the stripes.   Cheers   Phil Hobbs   -- Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics   160 North State Road #203 Briarcliff Manor NY 10510   hobbs at electrooptical dot net http://electrooptical.net

Sjouke Burry <burrynulnulfour@ppllaanneett.nnll>: Sep 09 07:31PM +0200 On 9-9-2017 14:35, Taxed and Spent wrote:   > how did they paint the machines?   Carefully.

oldschool@tubes.com: Sep 09 02:14PM -0400 On Sat, 9 Sep 2017 08:21:13 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"   >> Has anyone ever heard anything about this process?   > Isn't it obvious? Early resistors were hand painted, then they >developed machines for the job.   It's a no brainer they use a machine. My question goes much deeper. How does the machine do it? Are the paints applied by a paint brush, or something like a felt tip marker, or maybe some sort of spray method? Once the correct colors are chosen for that batch of (whatever value), how do they rotate them so the paint is not smeared. I can only assume they are picked up by their leads, not the body, and somehow rotated by their leads too.   I do believe the early resistors, especially those ceramic types that had colored dots on them, were probably hand painted. I have also noted that the old bumble bee caps often had irregular stripes, where the paint was thicker in spots, thinner in others, and the edges were not always precise.   There is a series on tv, which is usually only shown on Saturday mornings, during the kids shows, that show how an item is made. The ones I remember are making candy, and making lightbulbs (incandescent). They show the entire process, start to finish, and show each step both in the machines and how workers are involved. I cant recall the name of them programs, and have not seen any in a long time, but they are quite interesting. That lightbulb one was extremely interesting. Each bulb is tested in a machine and workers watch ot make sure they light up. Seeing this, (on tv or youtube), for resistors would be interesting. Too bad they dont have more stuff like that on tv, rather than the usual garbage that is mostly on the channels these days.   One thing I do know, is that most small electronic parts with wire leads, leave the factory in the form of ladders. Meaning that 100 or 1000, or any other number of them are one long strip being held together by 2 strips of paper around the leads, to form what looks like a ladder.   So, if you worked at Zenith assembling radios, there would be rolls of those ladders for every value of resistor, capacitor, etc, needed, at each work station.   By the way, there is a good documentary video on youtube that shows radios being made at Zenith. It was filmed in (If I recall correctly), the 1950s. Worth watching!

tabbypurr@gmail.com: Sep 09 02:06PM -0700 > It's a no brainer they use a machine. My question goes much deeper. How > does the machine do it? Are the paints applied by a paint brush, or > something like a felt tip marker, or maybe some sort of spray method?   You really think a spray would be a good match for this app?   > Once the correct colors are chosen for that batch of (whatever value), > how do they rotate them   seriously?   > so the paint is not smeared. I can only assume > they are picked up by their leads, not the body, and somehow rotated by > their leads too.   good luck in life.

"pfjw@aol.com" <pfjw@aol.com>: Sep 09 02:53PM -0700 We live in a world that can print an M on a small candy, print tens of thousands of devices on a bit of epoxy, and make geared watches with gears (wheels) with pitches measured in microns - and has been doing this in the case of watches for nearly 200 years, and in the case of electronics for well over 60 years. Then, consider the printing technology required for paper money.   So, printing stripes and other markings on devices the size of even an 1/8-watt resistors would be a simple issue.   I would posit a rotating intaglio printer as a relatively simple device with very prices application ability and little slop. And although the print heads would wear, they would have very nearly infinite life as compared to a brush or roller. This is the purest speculation, of course.   Peter Wieck Melrose Park, PA

Cursitor Doom <curd@notformail.com>: Sep 09 11:19PM > with very prices application ability and little slop. And although the > print heads would wear, they would have very nearly infinite life as > compared to a brush or roller.   Intaglio requires very heavy pressures of around 80T/square inch generated by *very* heavy machinery; much, much heavier than litho or letterpress which are like balsa toys by comparison. Then you have to have the right plates. Engraving those plates to an acceptable standard requires very *considerable* expertise by people who can command pay grades that elevate them *way* above every other 'manual' worker into a league of their own.   > This is the purest speculation, of > course.   It certainly is. You are right about the simplicity of the machinery, though.     -- This message may be freely reproduced without limit or charge only via the Usenet protocol. Reproduction in whole or part through other protocols, whether for profit or not, is conditional upon a charge of GBP10.00 per reproduction. Publication in this manner via non-Usenet protocols constitutes acceptance of this condition.

Roger Blake <rogblake@iname.invalid>: Sep 09 11:47PM > do they paint the stripes on resistors" on google, but all I got was > links explaining how to READ color codes.   > Has anyone ever heard anything about this process?   I remember when computers used core memory the manufacturers employed oriental women to string the cores because of their small, nimble hands. This may be much the same kind of thing.   -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Roger Blake (Posts from Google Groups killfiled due to excess spam.)   NSA sedition and treason -- http://www.DeathToNSAthugs.com Don't talk to cops! -- http://www.DontTalkToCops.com Badges don't grant extra rights -- http://www.CopBlock.org -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

"pfjw@aol.com" <pfjw@aol.com>: Sep 09 05:28PM -0700 On Saturday, September 9, 2017 at 7:19:46 PM UTC-4, Cursitor Doom wrote: > requires very *considerable* expertise by people who can command pay > grades that elevate them *way* above every other 'manual' worker into a > league of their own.   It does when printing on paper. However, not when printing on solid materials such as glass bottles as a primary example. That requires a fast-cure (usually heat), high-tack ink, and quite light pressure given the speeds involved. Consider the typical direct-printed beer-bottle.   Peter Wieck Melrose Park, PA

Taxed and Spent <nospamplease@nonospam.com>: Sep 09 06:02PM -0700 On 9/9/2017 4:47 PM, Roger Blake wrote:   > I remember when computers used core memory the manufacturers employed > oriental women to string the cores because of their small, nimble hands. > This may be much the same kind of thing.   Not any more. They now have to use a proportional share of big, hairy, burly men. They throw those misprinted resistors out. Haven't you noticed the price increases?

Jeff Liebermann <jeffl@cruzio.com>: Sep 09 08:59PM -0700 On Sat, 9 Sep 2017 14:53:50 -0700 (PDT), "pfjw@aol.com" <pfjw@aol.com> wrote:   >they would have very nearly infinite life as compared >to a brush or roller. This is the purest speculation, >of course.   May I humbly suggest you reconsider your speculation. Intaglio is slow. It works well for flat objects but not so well with irregular diameters, such as metal film resistors: <https://www.google.com/search?q=film+resistor&tbm=isch> Notice the irregular diameter and inconsistent bulges at the ends cause by dipping and turning the resistor (before marking) in some kind of insulating coating before firing. Dealing with these inconsistencies and irregularities probably eliminates any form of ink tranfer that involved physical contract with the resistor body such as roller, brushes, stamping, etc. My guess(tm) is some kind of ink jet or spray marker applied while spinning the resistor around its center line. I haven't found any machinery yet that claims to do this.     -- Jeff Liebermann jeffl@cruzio.com 150 Felker St #D http://www.LearnByDestroying.com Santa Cruz CA 95060 http://802.11junk.com Skype: JeffLiebermann AE6KS 831-336-2558

Bob F <bobnospam@gmail.com>: Sep 09 06:36PM -0700 On 9/7/2017 5:11 PM, Danny D. wrote: > there is some kind of pragmatic coefficient, that's OK. It works. > I just don't know what I'm doing and why. > Do you?   I have read that that using a micro aerator introducing the CO2 in very small bubbles at the bottom of the receiving container will increwase the rate of diffusion into the water. Shaking or splashing the water to increase CO2/H2O contact also helps. With my corny kegs, I can hear the gas flow in when I shake the top of the keg back and forth. Stop shaking, and the gas flow quickly tapers down to very slow.

rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com>: Sep 09 03:21PM -0400 ~misfit~ wrote on 9/9/2017 2:52 AM: >> life vest should be child endangerment regardless of the law. But we >> legislate according to the push back from fears of "over regulation".   > Very fooking stupid. ;) Are seat belts compulsory yet? It seems an odd mix.   Of course seat belts are compulsory. Where do you live that they aren't?   --   Rick C   Viewed the eclipse at Wintercrest Farms, on the centerline of totality since 1998

rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com>: Sep 09 03:23PM -0400 ~misfit~ wrote on 9/9/2017 2:51 AM:   > Likewise in Australia and New Zealand we owe a lot of our heritage to > England - however we don't call the units "English". It just seemed odd to > me <shrug>   Really? If that is the oddest thing you find about the US then I am very happy.   I've explained how some of our units are *not* Imperial. What would you have us call them?   --   Rick C   Viewed the eclipse at Wintercrest Farms, on the centerline of totality since 1998

Sjouke Burry <burrynulnulfour@ppllaanneett.nnll>: Sep 09 10:09PM +0200 On 9-9-2017 21:23, rickman wrote: > happy.   > I've explained how some of our units are *not* Imperial. What would you > have us call them?   Silly?

rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com>: Sep 09 06:05PM -0400 Sjouke Burry wrote on 9/9/2017 4:09 PM:   >> I've explained how some of our units are *not* Imperial. What would you >> have us call them?   > Silly?   Ok, the US uses Silly units which we mostly inherited from the English.   --   Rick C   Viewed the eclipse at Wintercrest Farms, on the centerline of totality since 1998

rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com>: Sep 09 06:18PM -0400 rickman wrote on 9/9/2017 6:05 PM: >>> have us call them?   >> Silly?   > Ok, the US uses Silly units which we mostly inherited from the English.   Actually there are times when the US gallon is the same as an English gallon.   http://www.metric-conversions.org/volume/us-liquid-gallons-to-uk-gallons.htm   The US gallon is the result of the British taxes on the US. They overly taxed us without allowing us any representation in the government so we rebelled. At that time the gallon was defined by the weight of what was being measured. There was a corn gallon, a wheat gallon, a beer gallon ect. In 1820 England decided to abandon the many gallon approach and go with a single gallon defined by the volume of 10 pounds of water at 62 °F in air.   Good thing we didn't adopt the Imperial gallon, it keeps changing. It was changed as late as 1985. What good is a standard that changes?   --   Rick C   Viewed the eclipse at Wintercrest Farms, on the centerline of totality since 1998

Jeroni Paul <JERONI.PAUL@terra.es>: Sep 09 12:11PM -0700 Fixed!   The flyback pulses were missing because an open resistor R588 (33K). Apparently the TBA950 syncs with that phase shift without these pulses.

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